The invention discloses a false resistance based method and system for predicating electrode short circuit. The false resistance based method comprises the following steps: acquiring a voltage value at the two ends of an anode-cathode pair and a cathode current value; acquiring false resistance of the anode-cathode pair, judging whether the decreased values of a plurality of false resistance values are within the set resistance range, and if yes, utilizing the linear fitting method to fit a plurality of current values according to the time sequence to obtain a linear model; acquiring the slopeand the determination coefficient of the linear model; and judging whether the slope is within the set slope range, if yes, judging whether the determination coefficient is smaller than the set determination coefficient value, otherwise, determining that the electrode of the anode-cathode pair has the short circuit hidden danger, and determining that the electrode does not have the short circuithidden danger under other conditions. With adoption of the false resistance based method and system, coarse and large particles existing on the surface of the cathode can be effectively judged, the hidden danger is discovered before the short circuit, the electrolytic current efficiency and the product quality are remarkably improved and the product cost is lowered.