The invention discloses a coal mine dust-removing device based on ultrasonic atomization and condensation. The coal mine dust-removing device comprises a negative pressure pipeline composed of an airblower, a vacuum pump and a connecting pipeline. The negative pressure pipeline is provided with a cyclone separator, an ultrasonic atomizer, a pressure valve and a condensation chamber sequentially.The cyclone separator is connected with the air blower. The vacuum pump is further connected with a dust collector. The condensation chamber is internally provided with an ultrasonic oscillator. A sound absorption sponge is further arranged at an outlet of the condensation chamber. The coal mine dust-removing device is easy to implement and high in efficiency, the content of coal dust in air in acoal mine roadway is effectively decreased, vicious accidents such as coal dust explosion are avoided, and safe conducting of the coal mine roadway exploiting process is ensured.