The invention provides an artificial wetland for treating a nutrient-enriched water body. The artificial wetland comprises a first water inlet pipeline, an artificial wetland pond and a zeolite adsorption unit, wherein the artificial wetland pond comprises a filling medium layer and a water distribution tube net; plants are planted on the medium filling layer; the water distribution tube net comprises a main tube communicated with the first water inlet pipeline, and a plurality groups of water distribution branch tubes which are connected with the main tube and communicated with the main tube;the water distribution branch tubes are vertically inserted into the filling medium layer downwards; through holes are formed in the walls of the water distribution branch tubes; the through holes are smaller than the particle size of a filling medium in the filling medium layer; the zeolite adsorption unit comprises a zeolite filling area, a second water inlet pipeline communicated with a firstwater outlet, and a second water outlet pipeline arranged at the bottom of a zeolite filling zone; the second water inlet pipeline is introduced from the top of the zeolite filling zone; the second water outlet pipeline is provided with a branch to form a second water outlet and a backflow pipeline; the backflow pipeline is communicated with the filling medium layer.