The invention discloses a vitrinite reflectivity prediction model based on overpressure retardation of organic matter maturity. The adopted technical scheme is conducted by the steps as follows: (1) constructing a mathematical model for predicting vitrinite reflectivity; (2) calculating influence factors of overpressure introduced into the model on frequency factors and activation energy; (3) verifying validity of the improved mathematical model of vitrinite reflectivity. The model has the beneficial effect that the vitrinite reflectivity under the background of overpressure retardation of organic matter thermal evolution can be more effectively predicted.