The invention provides a method for separating and preparing Peru balsam characteristic components. Peru balsam volatile components are separated from a raw material Peru balsam with silica gel as anadsorbent and petroleum ether (60-90 DEG C)-ethyl acetate as an eluent system to prepare the Peru balsam characteristic components, the Peru balsam characteristic components are detected by GC-MS to know the composition ingredient and the content of every component, every component is dissolved and diluted by 95% ethanol, every diluted component and cut tobacco are added into blank cigarette according to mass ratio of 0.05-0.2% by an essence injector, and the obtained cigarette undergoes sensory smoking evaluation to know the effect of every component in the improvement of the sensory qualityof the cigarette and the applicable amount of every component in the cigarette. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, conciseness and low price, and the prepared Peru balsam characteristiccomponents have a good application effect in cigarettes.