The invention relates to a prosthesis imitating a lesion breast, a design and preparation method thereof, and a method for optimizing or proofreading a human breast lesion detection device. The prosthesis imitating the lesion breast comprises a prosthesis body and an imitation lesion site within the prosthesis body. The prosthesis body is made of a host material which imitates normal human breasttissues, and imitates the shape of the human breast. The imitation lesion site comprises one or more physical heating sites and/or one or more chemical modification sites, wherein the physical heatingsite is formed by a flexible heating device which is provided with a lead. One end of the lead is connected with the flexible heating device, and optionally the other end is exposed from the bottom of the prosthesis body.