The invention discloses a transparent gel hair care composition and a preparation method thereof. The transparent gel hair care composition is prepared from 0.1 to 50 percent of cationic surface active agent, 0.1 to 5 percent of moisturizing agent, 0.1 to 10 percent of hair conditioning agent, 0.1 to 30 percent of co-solvent, 0.05 to 1.0 percent of preservative, 0.5 to 2.0 percent of essence and the balance of deionized water, wherein the cationic surface active agent is a compound having the characteristics of quaternary ammonium salt R4N<+>N or a precursor having the structural characteristics and generated by virtue of chemical reaction, R4 is respectively a saturated alkane long chain of CH3 or C10 to C25, and at least one R is CH3- and at least one R is a saturated alkane long chain of C10 to C25, X represents anionic radicals with a chemical valence of -1 including chloride ions, lactate ions and citrate ions; and the moisturizing agent comprising small-molecular polyhydric alcohols or macromolecular polymers. The composition disclosed by the invention has a transparent gelling state, can provide an excellent moisturizing and conditioning effect to the hair, can effectively improve the wet rinsing performance, wet combing performance and dry combing performance of the hair, can reduce the electrostatic effect of the hair, and can enable the hair to be soft and smooth.