The invention discloses an adjustable type shared balancing device for a walking-beam type multiple well linkage oil pumping system. The adjustable type shared balancing device comprises a support, abalancing wheel and a rotating shaft, wherein two sides of the top of the support are each provided with a bearing box, the balancing wheel is arranged between the two bearing boxes and is provided with a balancing disc, balancing blocks symmetrically located on two sides of the balancing disc and driving mechanisms symmetrically located on two sides of the inner portion of the balancing disc, each balancing block is installed into the balancing disc in the radial direction and is connected with the corresponding driving mechanism, the driving mechanisms drive the corresponding balancing blocks to slide in or slide out synchronously in the axial direction of the balancing disc, the rotating shaft penetrates through the two bearing boxes and the balancing wheel at the same time and is coaxially fixed with the balancing wheel, and under supporting of the two bearing boxes, the rotating shaft rotates and drives the balancing wheel to rotate coaxially. The adjustable type shared balancingdevice for the walking-beam type multiple well linkage oil pumping system has the beneficial effects that up and down strokes are balanced in the oil pumping process and arrangement of the balancing blocks for each oil pumping machine of the walking-beam type multiple well linkage oil pumping system is not needed, the number of the balancing blocks is reduced, the starting and running power of a motor is greatly lowered, and meanwhile, the function of the balancing load being adjustable is realized.