Surface-modified metal oxide particles (A) comprising metal oxide particles having a refractive index of at least 1.9 and on their surface, specific fluoroalkyl group-containing surface-modifying groups and specific (meth)acryloyl group-containing surface-modifying groups; a dispersion liquid containing the surface-modified metal oxide particles (A) and a fluorinated compound which has a fluorine atom content of at least 20 mass % and which is liquid at 25° C., in a specific proportion; and a curable composition containing the surface-modified metal oxide particles (A), a compound (B) having a fluorine atom content of at least 20 mass % and having at least one (meth)acryloyl group, and a polymerization initiator (D), in a specific proportion.