The invention provides a method for promoting decomposition of moso bamboo stumps. The method includes the following steps: (1) after moso bamboos are cut, firstly bamboo nodes of the moso bamboo stumps are broken from the interior of the moso bamboo stumps, and bamboo rhizome necks of the moso bamboo stumps are broken along a bending direction of the bamboo rhizome necks located at the lower partof the moso bamboo stumps; (2) smashed decomposed moso bamboo stump residues and soil are added into cut bamboo stump cavities of the broken moso bamboo stump nodes and moso bamboo rhizome necks; and(3) an inorganic fertilizer is applied on the surroundings of the moso bamboo stumps by using a groove fertilization mode. According to the method provided by the invention, after 2 to 3 years, the moso bamboo stumps can achieve a rot effect of 6 to 8 years in a natural state, a conventional method of promoting corrosion through the inner walls of the moso bamboo stumps requires at least 4 to 5 years, so that the method provided by the invention greatly shortens decomposition time of the moso bamboo stumps, and improves the effect of promoting the corrosion; and the method does not need to use a large amount of energy to cut bamboo walls, improves working efficiency, is simple and fast, and has low costs.