The invention discloses a nodular cast iron base plate rapid edge cutting device. The nodular cast iron base plate rapid edge cutting device comprises a storage mechanism, a moving mechanism and an edge cutting mechanism; the moving mechanism is located between the edge cutting mechanism and the storage mechanism, the edge cutting mechanism comprises a rotating cylinder, a cutting assembly and a limiting assembly, the cutting assembly is located beside the rotating cylinder, the rotating cylinder is vertically arranged, a containing cavity is formed in the rotating cylinder, a bearing plate ofa cuboid structure is arranged on the top of the rotating cylinder, a first positioning column is arranged on the top of the bearing plate, the limiting assembly comprises a positioning assembly anda clamping assembly located in the containing cavity, the positioning assembly is located on the side, away from the cutting assembly, of the rotating cylinder, and the cutting assembly comprises an edge cutting assembly and a feeding assembly. Through the edge cutting mechanism, clamping work and edge cutting work of a workpiece can be automatically finished, worker work efficiency is improved, through the storage mechanism and the moving mechanism, the loading work of the workpiece can be automatically finished, labor intensity of the worker can be reduced, and manpower input can be reduced.