The invention discloses a structural member boundary dimension control method and device based on adaptive layering and slicing. According to the structural member boundary dimension control method and device based on adaptive layering and slicing, a distance measuring device, a processing and manufacturing unit and the like are reasonably integrated; the total height of previous i layers and theactual average height are fed back to a control unit by the distance measuring device; the control unit carries out real-time layering and slicing and path planning, thus avoiding the condition that the boundary dimension is difficult to guarantee due to inconsistence of the theoretical height and the actual height and even the whole structural member is scrapped; and the precise control of the boundary dimension of a complicated arc additive manufacturing structural member can be well realized.