The invention discloses a gasification furnace chilling chamber and a gasification furnace. An overflow weir is arranged on an outer edge of an air dispersion net of the gasification furnace chillingchamber; a foam breaking cylinder penetrating through a gas descending cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the gas descending cylinder; the foam breaking cylinder is positioned below the liquid level of the chilling chamber a; a multilayer cyclone guide piece is arranged in an annular cavity between the gas descending cylinder and the inner wall of the chilling chamber; the multilayer cyclone guide piece is arranged along a height direction of the chilling chamber; the cyclone guide piece is composed of a lower ring, an upper ring and a plurality of cyclone blades; the lower ring is arrangedon an outer wall of the gas descending cylinder in a sleeving manner; the upper ring is arranged on an inner wall of the chilling chamber in a sleeving manner; the plurality of cyclone blades are connected between the lower ring and the upper ring; a synthesis gas channel is formed between two adjacent cyclone blades; the gasification furnace comprises a combustion chamber and the gasification furnace chilling chamber. According to the gasification furnace chilling chamber disclosed by the invention, a phenomenon that synthesis gas entrains water and ash in the conventional gasification furnace chilling chamber can be effectively overcome, the gas descending cylinder can be cooled by water flowing along the outer wall of the gas descending cylinder, and the gas descending cylinder is prevented from being burnt.