The invention provides a temperature label wireless temperature measuring device and method. The device comprises an ultrasonic temperature label and an ultrasonic temperature measuring instrument. Anultrasonic pulse string transmitted by an ultrasonic transmitter is reflected by the ultrasonic temperature label and is then processed through a circuit module, an attenuation time constant of an ultrasonic pulse string envelope is obtained, a corresponding relationship exists between the attenuation time constant and the temperature, and through measuring the attenuation time constant, the temperature of a measured point is acquired. Large-capacity data storage, a local man-machine interface, wired and wireless digital communication interfaces are provided so as to provide a good operationfunction and a system networking ability. The device is particularly suitable for measuring the temperature of a moving object in a high-precision wide-range non-contact mode, handheld multipoint routing inspection temperature measurement is carried out, only acoustic signal association exists between a point measurement label and a temperature detection device, the measurement device has good electromagnetic interference resistance ability and electrical insulation safety, and the label does not need a power supply and has good maintainability.