The invention discloses a propulsion regulation-based insulator unmanned cleaning device and relates to the field of power clean operation and control. The device is structured such that a liquid storage cavity structure and a concentric-square-shaped pipe structure are arranged in a cleaning device body; a liquid level sensing panel is mounted on the inner wall of the liquid storage cavity; an electric valve structure is mounted in a position where the liquid storage cavity communicates to the concentric-square-shaped pipe; a propulsion power device is fixedly mounted on the cleaning device body; and a processing controller, a valve controller and a liquid level sensing analyzer are mounted on the cleaning device body. By arranging the liquid storage cavity and the concentric-square-shaped pipe as well as a liquid spraying nozzle in the cleaning device, corresponding obstruction to be on-off is carried out by means of the electric valve, and a pressure propulsion plate is driven by the propulsion power device to carry out a reciprocating stroke operation, so that spraying and recovering operations of a cleaning liquid are carried out effectively, and the cleaning operation of outdoor high pressure insulators is more intelligent and safer, and therefore, the labor intensity of workers and the corresponding operating potential safety hazard are reduced.