The invention provides an electrode opening and closing state control device and method. The device and the method are used for remotely controlling opening and closing states of an electrode for electrical prospecting. The electrode opening and closing state control device comprises electrode converters, a signal transfer station and a hand-held operating terminal. The method comprises steps as follows: the electrode opening and closing state control device is distributed according to the electrical prospecting requirement, and related information is transmitted to the signal transfer stationby the electrode converters and then transmitted to the hand-held operating terminal by the signal transfer station; an electrode opening and closing state information sheet is formed by the hand-held operating terminal according to information of each electrode converter; a wireless control signal containing the electrode opening and closing state information sheet is transmitted to the signal transfer station through APP by the hand-held operating terminal; the wireless control information is transmitted to the electrode converters by the signal transfer station, so that the electrode opening and closing state control is realized and electrical prospecting or electrical monitoring work is carried out. The device and the method contribute to improvement of working efficiency of electrical prospecting and electrical monitoring and improvement of the prospecting or monitoring effect.