The invention relates to a method for extracting momordica grosvenori prebiotics and simultaneously extracting mogrosides V, wherein the momordica grosvenori prebiotics extraction method comprises:(1)grinding momordica grosvenori, extracting with ice water, and filtering; (2) adjusting the pH value to be alkaline and filtering; (3) loading on a large-hole adsorbing resin column, and collecting the effluent liquid ; and (4) filtering by the nanofiltration membrane, and collecting the nanofiltration membrane interception liquid, placing on a decolorizing resin column, collecting the effluent, concentrating and drying to obtain the momordica grosvenori prebiotics. The mogrosides V extraction method comprises the following steps of: washing large-hole adsorbing resin column after loading withwater to neutral, eluting and concentrating; placing on tth reverse phase silica gel column, eluting, collecting target eluate, concentrating, and drying to obtain mogrosides V. The method has the advantages that the content of the obtained momordica grosvenori prebiotics is high to 97.3%, and the yield is high to 89.67%; the content of the obtained mogrosides V is up to 99.5%, and the yield is high to 97.20%; the method has the advantages of simple method, low cost and zero pollution, and is suitable for industrial production.