The invention discloses a durable bituminous pavement design method based on a double-modulus theory. According to the method, on the basis of a layered elastic system theory under bicircle vertical evenly-distributed loads, the double-modulus theory is introduced, when pavement mechanical calculation is conducted, according to difference of stress, tension and compression of points on the pavement, corresponding tension and compression modulus are given, a design method which confirms to the real pavement stress property more is built, and the pavement design precision is improved. The maximum tension stress of a semi-rigid base and the sub-base bottom and the maximum tension strain of an asphalt surface course of the pavement designed according to the method are far lower than the fatigue limits of the maximum tension stress and the maximum tension strain, thus the service life of the pavement is greatly prolonged, and the requirements for the durable bituminous pavement are met; moreover, damage to the pavement only occurs on the pavement surface, so that a pavement damage mode transforms from from bottom to top to from top to bottom, therefore, during maintenance, only the upper surface layer needs to be subjected to milling and top facing, and thus the maintenance cost is reduced.