The invention discloses a low-voltage driving high-efficiency plasma pneumatic actuator. The low-voltage driving high-efficiency plasma pneumatic actuator comprises a minisize discharge cavity and a low-voltage direct-current supply driving circuit; a plurality of sets of discharge electrodes are arranged in the discharge cavity, each set of discharge electrodes is composed of a positive pole electrode and a negative pole electrode, and the positive pole electrodes and the negative pole electrodes correspond to one another and form gas discharge gaps; the gas discharge gap of the first set ofdischarge electrodes is smaller than the gas discharge gap of other sets of discharge electrodes; the low-voltage direct-current supply driving circuit comprises a plurality of sets of charge and discharge loops, and each set of charge and discharge loops is correspondingly connected with one set of discharge electrodes. The structure does not only lower the driving voltage of the actuator, but also improves the discharge deposition energy of the cavity, and synthetic jet with the high momentum can be generated. Meanwhile, the actuator sufficiently utilizes the space of the minisize cavity, the space utilization rate is improved, the size and the weight of the actuator system are further reduced, the efficiency of the actuator is effectively improved, and the actuator is more practical compared with the same kind of actuator in the field.