The invention provides a resource efficient security data sharing method and system. The method comprises the steps that an issuer preprocesses original data to obtain metadata M, wherein the metadataM is encrypted through utilization of a fog node symmetrical encryption scheme, a symmetrical key is protected by a set access structure, the accurate symmetrical key only can be obtained through decryption of a decryption server when an attribute set S of a subscriber satisfies the access structure corresponding to a target ciphertext, and further the metadata M is restored; the symmetrical keyand attributes are managed by an attribute authority; the access structure is an access tree gamma established by the issuer, non-leaf nodes of the access tree gamma are threshold gates, leaf nodes are associated with attribute values, and the access tree gamma comprises a left subtree gamma and a right substree t ; the left subtree gamma is determined by the issuer and corresponds to the ciphertext; and the right substree t is the lead node for describing a time stamp. According to the method and the system, different security demands are realized, the computing cost is clearlyreduced, and the efficient user revocation is realized.