The invention discloses a DC receiving-end system transient load shedding control optimization method based on sensitivity analysis. The method comprises the steps of 1, acquiring a DC receiving-end system model and a parameter; 2, based on the acquired DC receiving-end system model and the parameter acquired in step 1, calculating a system transient stability margin and a sensitivity matrix in acurrent load shedding rate; 3, according to the calculated system transient stability margin and the sensitivity matrix in the current load shedding rate, establishing a mathematical model of a DC receiving-end system transient load shedding control optimization problem; and 4, for the established mathematical model of the DC receiving-end system transient load shedding control optimization problem in the step 3, solving the load shedding control optimization problem according to an approximate linear planning method based on sensitivity analysis. The DC receiving-end system transient load shedding control optimization method has advantages of effectively reducing calculation amount, improving optimizing speed, and reducing economic cost in load shedding as possible under a precondition that the system has the preset transient stability margin.