A manned submersible sample box storage device comprises a sample bank. A supporting frame of the sample bank vertically comprises at least one supporting panel, a plurality of guide parts are arranged on the fronts of the supporting panels, space between two adjacent guide parts is storage space of a sample box, an inlet and outlet of the sample box are formed in one end of the storage space, a retaining surface is arranged at the other end of the storage space, and clamping mechanisms are arranged on the backs of the supporting panels. In each clamping mechanism, a piston rod of each clamping cylinder is connected with one end of the corresponding clamping block, the other end of each clamping block is a clamping end, a block between two ends of each clamping block is hinged onto the corresponding supporting panel, a penetrating groove is formed in a plate body of the supporting panel of one side of the inlet and outlet of the storage space, extending and contracting of the piston rods of the clamping cylinders drive the clamping ends of the clamping blocks to rotate to the upper portions or lower portions of the fronts of the supporting panels, so that clamping of the sample boxis achieved or removed, and the penetrating grooves is provided with rotating channels of the clamming ends of the clamping blocks. The device can store sample boxes collected in multiple batches, and increase of hull sailing resistance is avoided.