The invention discloses a remote sensing image water body identification and extraction method which comprises the following steps: performing binaryzation on a remote sensing image by utilizing an RGB value so as to obtain a binary image; traversing the binary image, taking spectral information of each pixel point as a characteristic quantity, judging to obtain pixel points belonging to the waterbody, and taking the pixel points as seed points; tracking pixel points which are the same as the spectral information of the pixel points based on a 4-neighbourhood method of each seed point, and labeling the seed points and the pixel points which are the same as the spectral information; performing automatic chain code identification on the same pixel point, obtaining multiple water body areaswith different identifiers, and realizing simultaneous identification and extraction of integrated multi-water-body information in a large-scale multi-water-body area. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the water bodies of all scales are intelligently and independently identified and extracted in the large-scale multi-water-body area at a time, remote sensing inversion extractionlimitation of a single water body is overcome, the extraction efficiency is high, the operation is simple, and the accuracy is excellent.