The invention relates to cardanol resin for three-dimensional printing and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises: mixing cardanol or cardanol derivatives and diene monomers ina mass ratio of 100:1 to 100:50, adding a photoinitiator accounting for 1% of total mass of the aforementioned two components, and stirring well to obtain the cardanol resin for three-dimensional printing. The cardanol resin for three-dimensional printing enables the basic physical properties of resin and the content of carbon-carbon dual bonds (C=C) to be changed by controlling the type and usage of the diene monomers under ultraviolet radiation; controllable free radical crosslinking polymerization is achieved for the cardanol resin by controlling the content of free radicals. The cardanolresin for three-dimensional printing is applicable to various photo-curing three-dimensional printing techniques and is suitable for the field of manufacturing of lacquerware, such as bodiless lacquerware.