The invention discloses a method for estimating the seismic quality factor. The method comprises the following steps that S1, the seismic reflection data of the post-stack seismic record are acquired,and the smooth local time-frequency amplitude spectrum is obtained according to the seismic reflection data by using the shaping regularization and minimum square inversion technology; S2, the peak frequency based on ricker wavelet decomposition is calculated according to the local time-frequency amplitude spectrum; and S3, the seismic attenuation quality factor is estimated according to the relationship between the ricker wavelet peak frequency and the quality factor Q value. The beneficial effects of the method are that the influence of seismic noise and reflection coherence can be avoidedso that the stability, the reliability and the accuracy of the acquired quality factor can be enhanced.