The invention discloses a distributed vision detection system and an industrial control computer. The distributed vision detection system includes a control terminal module and a plurality of mutuallyindependent display terminal, wherein the control terminal module is used for receiving a vision detection command sent from an external production control module, analyzing the vision detection command to generate a display terminal vision detection trigger signal, and sending the display terminal vision detection trigger signal to the corresponding display terminal module; the each display terminal module is used for analyzing the product number and the algorithm number from the received display terminal vision detection trigger signal so as to trigger a vision detection program; and the vision detection program includes: controlling a camera of a vision detection station connected to the corresponding display terminal module to shoot the selected product, calling the corresponding vision program to detect the taken photo to obtain a vision detection result, and providing a first human-computer interaction interface to display the vision detection result.