The invention discloses a loach dispersion system based on the number of loaches. The system comprises an obtaining module, a judging module and a putting module. The obtaining module is used for obtaining the estimated number of the loaches in each preset area in a loach pool, and the numbers are recorded as A1, A2...An; the judging module is used for comparing A1,A2...An with preset threshold values B1 and B2, recording the corresponding preset areas when A1, A2...An are less than B1 and counting the number D when A1, A2...An are greater than B2, wherein B1 is less than than B2; the puttingmodule is used for putting loach feed in the corresponding preset areas when A1, A2...An are less than B1 and D is less than a preset first quantity threshold value.