The invention provides a method and device for evaluating the reliability of a power distribution network. Firstly, a first fault recovery time index set and a first fault rate index set are obtained,then a second fault recovery time index set and a second fault rate index set are obtained, lastly, fault recovery time and fault rate of power distribution network equipment are predicted, and the reliability of the power distribution network is evaluated. The method and device for evaluating the reliability of the power distribution network have the advantages that technical indexes not satisfying the requirements of full sample partial derivative sensitivity of a neural network are deleted, thereby reducing the complexity of prediction model indexes, socioeconomic environment indexes satisfying the fault recovery time and fault rate relevance requirement are screened from preset socioeconomic environment indexes respectively through a Pearson correlation coefficient method, so that thecredibility of an evaluation result of the reliability of the power distribution network is improved, the accuracy of the evaluation result of the reliability of the power distribution network is ensured, and the method and device evaluating the reliability of the power distribution network are more line with the actual situation and business requirements.