The invention relates to the technical field of network equipment safety protection, in particular to a scheduling device and a scheduling method based on a four-mode heterogeneous redundancy processor. The scheduling device comprises the four-mode heterogeneous redundancy processor, a random number generator, a resource scheduling manager and a result processor. The scheduling method comprises the following steps that the random number generator generates a random number and sends the random number to the resource scheduling manager; the resource scheduling manager determines a mode and timefor scheduling the four-mode heterogeneous redundancy processor through scheduling parameters obtained by calculation according to the random number; the result processor processes an output result ofthe four-mode heterogeneous redundancy processor, outputs a final result and feeds a behavior state of the four-mode heterogeneous redundancy processor back to the resource scheduling manager; and the resource scheduling manager determines the mode and the time for scheduling the four-mode heterogeneous redundancy processor according to feedback information, and carries out management operation on the four-mode heterogeneous redundancy processor. According to the device and the method, the overall reliability and usability of a system are improved.