The invention relates to a casting mold temperature-controllable composite casting method. The method comprises the following steps: establishing solid models for a casting, a casting mold and a sprueand riser head system, and simultaneously designs a sand mold cavity unit and a temperature control unit, wherein the cavity unit is obtained through molding sands having a good thermal conduction coefficient, resin and a curing agent, and carrying out cutting processing by a containerless casting precision forming machine or carrying out printing by a sand mold printing forming machine, the temperature control unit adopts a metal material having a good thermal conduction coefficient, the middle part of the temperature control unit is drilled to mount a heating unit and a cooling water pipeline, and the temperature control unit can realize heating or rapid cooling as needed before and after pouring; and assembling the sand cavity unit, the sprue and riser head system and the temperature control unit to obtain a casting mold, and carrying out pouring to obtain a casting. The method can avoid the insufficient pouring or cold shut of thin-walled castings, replace a subsequent heat treatment process, reduce the manufacturing cost, save the raw material consumption and greatly shorten the manufacturing cycle. Additionally, the method can improve the metallographic structure of the casting and improve the mechanical properties in order to finally obtain the high quality casting.