The invention discloses a wear-resistant rubber material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) performing primary mixing on chloroprene rubber, fumed silica, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, a vulcanizing agent and an accelerant to obtain a mixture M1; 2) adding cerium oxide, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide in the mixture M1 for secondary mixingto prepare the wear-resistant rubber material; on the base of the total weight of the wear-resistant rubber material, the consumption of the cerium oxide is 5-15 percent by weight. The wear-resistantrubber material and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention have the benefits that the chloroprene rubber, the fumed silica, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the vulcanizing agentand the accelerant are firstly mixed for primary mixing, and then the cerium oxide, the titanium dioxide and the zinc oxide are added in the mixture for secondary mixing, so that the rubber materialprepared by mixing the materials as well as the method has better wear resistance.