The invention discloses an in-factory joint debugging testing apparatus and testing method for terrestrial and marine automated pipe column processing equipment. The testing apparatus includes a testbed, a tool base, a crown block, a pipe gripping machine, a simulated well opening, a mousehole and correlative matched facilities. By means of the apparatus, joint debugging tests of terrestrial andmarine automated pipe column processing systems can be carried out separately, the functions of conveying pipe columns, erecting a singe drill column and gang drill columns and the like can be achieved, and installation and tests of the two systems can be carried out at the same time.