The invention discloses an active distribution network optimization scheduling system and method based on mixed integer linear programming. Firstly, a linearization equation of the branch power flow of the distribution network is given, and main components in the active distribution network are modeled and linearized; then, an active distribution network day-ahead economic dispatching model considering active power and reactive power coordinated scheduling is constructed. At the same time, in order to overcome the impact of the strong randomness of a distributed power supply on the day-ahead scheduling, a short-term scheduling model with the goal of maximizing photovoltaic and wind power consumption is constructed; a short-term optimal scheduling result is obtained with the day-ahead scheduling as a reference; and finally, the present invention verifies the effectiveness and speedability of the proposed invention through an improved IEEE 33-node distribution network example.