The invention provides a system and method for realizing same-source and same-destination effect of IP fragmentation packets based on a network processing chip. A first-level device receives IP fragmentation packets; if the normal fragmentation is carried out, that is, the first fragmentation sheet arrives firstly, fragmentation information of the first fragmentation sheet is recorded and forwarding is carried out; follow-up sheets, together with the first sheet, are formed to a same second-level server based on the first sheet recording information; if disordered fragmentation is carried out,the device caches the follow-up sheets and the cached follow-up sheets are extracted timely when the first sheet arrives, and the follow-up sheets are forward to the same second-level server based onan original link sequence. Therefore, the IP fragmentation packets from the same session are forward to the same second-level server, thereby ensuring the same-source and same-destination effect of IP fragmentation packets.