The invention relates to the technical field of hot rolling plate blank heating temperature control, in particular to a plate blank temperature self-learning control method for a hot rolling heating furnace. According to the outlet temperature RDT, measured at a roughing rolling area, of two roughing rolling machines, through regression analysis and rolling machine temperature drop calculation, the actual tapping temperature of a plate blank is derived reversely, then compared with the target temperature of the plate blank, plate blank temperature self-learning is achieved, and second-stage control model parameters of the heating furnace are adjusted. Through application of the plate blank temperature self-learning control method, the heating quality problem caused by the fact that the tapping temperature cannot be accurately measured can be improved, an automatic burning model of the heating furnace can further be optimized, the product quality is improved, and fuel consumption is lowered. Billet heating temperature control accuracy is remarkably improved, and the roughing rolling outlet target temperature RDT index is increased. The billet heating quality is improved, the yield is increased, and the blocking amount and the waste amount are decreased. More than that, energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved, by learning and adjusting a heating furnace model,the redundant energy waste of the heating furnace can be reduced, and the economic benefits are considerable.