Embodiments of the invention provide a method and system for monitoring safety of gas pipeline network adjacent underground spaces. The method comprises the following steps of: periodically detectinggas parameter information of gas pipe network adjacent underground spaces, and integrating and analyzing the gas parameter information to obtain a target gas type; and monitoring the gas pipe networkadjacent underground spaces according to target monitoring projects on the basis of distribution information, the gas parameter information and the target gas type of the gas pipe network adjacent underground spaces. According to the method, target monitoring projects of gas pipe network adjacent underground spaces are monitored through detected gas parameter information, so that potential safetyhazards in the gas pipe network adjacent underground spaces can be discovered in time, exposure caused by large-scale gas leakage can be avoided, and the safety of urban underground spaces is improved.