The invention provides an intelligent time-varying blind deconvolution broadband processing method and device. The method comprises: extracting an initial seismic wavelet from an attenuated seismic data; generating a Q value group including a plurality of stratum quality factors Q values randomly; according to the initial seismic wavelet and the Q value group, establishing a time-varying wavelet matrix group; acquiring a plurality of reflection coefficients according to the attenuated seismic data and the time-varying wavelet matrix group; establishing a fitness function; on the basis of the fitness function and the multiple reflection coefficients, acquiring a plurality of fitness values corresponding to the stratum quality factors Q values one by one; according to the multiple fitness values, determining an optimal stratum quality factors Q value. Because the optimal Q value is obtained by intelligent searching instead of manual determination, the work load and error occurrence are reduced, so that an optimal time-varying wavelet is estimated from unsteady data; and an optimal time-varying blind deconvolution result is obtained.