The invention relates to a method for discriminating cells of a cellular structure, notably of a cellular tissue, comprising the steps consisting in determining (12) a frequency spectrum of the impedance of the cellular structure; defining (22) at least one model of the impedance of the cellular structure including a constant phase element (30); determining (44) the impedance of the constant phaseelement (30) which optimizes the correlation of each model of the impedance of the cellular structure with the spectrum; and deducing (66), from the impedance of the constant phase element (30) or from the impedances of the constant phase elements (30), an item of information on the cells of the cellular structure. The invention also relates to a system for implementing the method for discriminating cells of a cellular structure.