The invention discloses a rapid water-cooling and forming device of an electrostatic spinning machine. The rapid water-cooling and forming device of the electrostatic spinning machine comprises a shell and a base, wherein the shell is mounted on the base; the inside of the shell comprises a cavity I and a cavity II; the cavity I and the cavity II are separated from each other by a receiving flat plate made of a metal material; and yarn holes I are horizontally formed in the receiving flat plate. An air draft device is arranged on the top of the cavity I, by the air draft effect of an air drafttube, dryness of the surfaces of spinning yarns is facilitated, the cooling effect of a cooling tube is achieved, the spinning yarns pass through the cooling tube, the outside of the cooling tube absorbs heat for cooling by use of atomized water vapor, the atomized water vapor is rapidly evaporated on the surface of the cooling tube, cooling is accelerated by the effect of evaporation, and the cooling is further accelerated by a rotation process.