The embodiment of the invention provides a high-altitude detection system and method. The system comprises at least one high-altitude detection device, a receiver, a cloud platform and an applicationterminal. Each high-altitude detection device is in communication connection with the receiver and used for acquiring weather measurement data in rising, horizontally floating and descending processes, and sending the weather measurement data to the receiver. The receiver is connected with the high-altitude detection devices and the cloud platform and used for receiving the weather measurement data and sending the weather measurement data to the cloud platform. The cloud platform is connected with the receiver and the application terminal and used for receiving and storing the weather measurement data, generating weather detection reports according to the weather measurement data and sending the weather detection reports to the application terminal. The application terminal is used for receiving and displaying the weather detection reports. According to the invention, the method is executed based on the system and accuracy of high-altitude detection is improved.