The invention belongs to the technical field of organic wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment method and a treatment device for isooctyl thioglycolate production wastewater. The treatment method includes mixing a catalytic oxidation aid with the isooctyl thioglycolate production wastewater in advance, allowing the mixture to enter a bubbling reactor after preheating, subjecting the mixture and an oxidizing agent to oxidizing reaction to convert organic matter in the wastewater into H2O, CO2 and SO4<2->, and desalting reaction liquid through flashing, evaporation and concentration. The treatment method and the treatment device have the advantages that soluble cobalt salt and MoO3/TiO2 are combined, the synergistic effect is developed sufficiently, and accordingly, the organic matter in the wastewater is oxidized rapidly and deeply to be removed; the COD (chemical oxygen demand) content of the wastewater is reduced greatly, water and solid salt can be separated effectively, and the content of the organic matter in the water and the solid salt is low, so that the water obtained after separation can be recycled, and the solid salt can serve as by-products.