The invention provides a rapid propagation method by taking Chinese cabbage axillary buds as explants. The rapid propagation method specifically comprises the following steps: cutting off axillary buds as explants; sterilizing and cleaning the axillary buds; culturing the axillary buds on a sprout enrichment culture medium; cutting off buds enriched on the explants, dipping an IBA (Indolebutyric Acid) solution, and performing adventitious root induction in a non-agar solid medium; and transferring regeneration seedlings into a flowerpot substrate to be arranged at room temperature, and performing natural light culture. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the Chinese cabbage axillary buds are taken as the explants, and the use concentration of plant growth regulating substances in the enrichment medium is optimized. Individual enrichment is performed by utilizing existing bud primordium, the regeneration efficiency of Chinese cabbage tissue culture is improved, the bud formation speed is high, and the influence of genotype is slight. The culture process is simple, excellent breeding materials and germplasm resources can be subjected to timely expanding propagation and utilization in a short time, the breeding process is greatly accelerated, and a novel pathway is provided for solving the regeneration problem of AA genomic crops.