The invention discloses a thermosensitive microencapsulation retarder for preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion of coal and a preparing method of the retarder. The retarder comprises corematerials and a wall material coating the core materials; the core materials are prepared from, by weight, 85-90% of catechin, 5-8% of ascorbic acid and 2-10% of anthocyanin, and the wall material ispolyethylene glycol. The preparing method comprises the steps of firstly, heating the wall material to be molten, grinding the core materials into fine powder, then adding the core materials into thewall material in the molten state in batch until the mass ratio of the wall material to the core materials reaches the standard, then adding a thickener and a cross-linking agent, after the materialsare fully mixed, slowly cooling a mixed system until a solid product is obtained, and finally, crushing and sieving the solid product to obtain the thermosensitive microencapsulation retarder. The retarder is rich in source of preparation raw materials, environmentally friendly, simple in preparing technology, low in cost, good in thermal stability, low in water-absorbing property and convenient to store, the retarding efficiency is improved, the retarding time is shortened, and the retarder helps to achieve efficient prevention and control of the spontaneous combustion of the coal.