The invention provides a straw double-layer salt control and surface ice plant desalination saline-alkali land composite improvement method which includes the steps: ditching a saline-alkali land, laying straws at the bottom of a ditch and backfilling and covering soil; applying base fertilizers, ridging the land, laying straws in furrows and planting ice plants on the furrows. Ice plant cultivation is combined with saline-alkali land improvement, and the saline-alkali land is effectively improved. A strongly saline-alkali land can be improved after 3-5 years, a moderate saline-alkali land canbe improved after 2-3 years, a slight saline-alkali land can be improved after 1-2 years, grain crops such as wheat can be normally planted on the improved saline-alkali land, and the method has great economic and social significance.