The invention discloses a method for grinding a cylindrical array structure with a high-order curve section by an arc array grinding wheel. The grinding wheel is trimmed into an arc array structure with repeated k-order sections, and an array cylindrical surface is ground through the arc array grinding wheel in a variable tangential point reciprocating manner according to the curve tangency principle; and the movement path of the grinding wheel in the high-order curve section plane of the cylindrical surface is an equidistant parallel line at the distance of r from a high-order curve. After the tangential point of the grinding wheel is changed once in the high-order curve section plane, the grinding wheel does reciprocating motion in the direction perpendicular to the high-order curve section plane for one time, so that the grinding of one generating line of the cylindrical surface is finished. Since the grinding wheel is of an array structure, the grinding process of all high-order curve section cylindrical arrays can be finished as long as the grinding of one cylindrical structure unit in the array structure is finished. After the section unit structure of the grinding wheel is trimmed into an arc, the tangential points between the grinding wheel and workpieces are ensured to form the high-order curve through the interpolation motion of a machine tool; and the array structureis ground in a variable tangential point manner, and the grinding accuracy is high.