The invention relates to a process bogie with the adjustable axle distance of a concave-convex matched structure. The process bogie comprises a rack, a front wheel supporting piece, a rear wheel supporting piece and an axle distance adjusting mechanism. The front wheel supporting piece can be rotationally connected with a front wheel, and the rear wheel supporting piece can be rotationally connected with a rear wheel. The front wheel supporting piece and the rear wheel supporting piece are both connected with the rack, and the front wheel supporting piece and/or the rear wheel supporting pieceis connected with the rack through the axle distance adjusting mechanism. The axle distance adjusting mechanism comprises a first matching piece and a second matching piece which are mutually matched, the first matching piece is provided with positioning protrusions, and two or more placing positions are arranged on the side face, opposite to the first matching piece, on the second matching piece. The two placing positions are distributed in a spaced mode in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the front wheel, and the placing positions and the positioning protrusions are matched. By arranging the axle distance adjusting mechanism, the relative position between the front wheel supporting piece and the rack and/or between the rear wheel supporting piece and the rack is adjusted, thusthe axle distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel is adjusted to adapt to car lifting jacks of different types, and the application range is enlarged.