The invention discloses a gangue filling and grouting construction method suitable for a short-wall roadway mining horizontal working face and relates to a gangue filling and grouting construction method. According to the gangue filling and grouting construction method suitable for the short-wall roadway mining horizontal working face, grouting pipes are arranged in an upper area, a middle area and a lower area of each gate way correspondingly, so that the multiple areas of the gate ways are grouted simultaneously, and the grouting effect is better; a grouting effect monitoring link is designed, the grouting effect is monitored through a core-drilling method, and parameters of gangue filling and grouting for the short-wall roadway mining horizontal working face are adjusted according to feedback of the on-site actual effect; grout-supplementing drilled holes are formed inside the gate ways, grouting gangue accumulation bodies not meeting the strength requirement are subjected to grout-supplementing treatment, and strength is improved; after grouting, grouting pipes of the gate ways are not recovered, and thus secondary damage of grouting pipe recovery to grouting gangue filling bodies is avoided; and gelatin silk cloths are hung on the coal walls of coal pillars on the two sides of the gate ways, so that the situation that a coal seam is eroded by grout and consequently, the coal quality is affected is prevented, and the influence on production is reduced, and the cost is relatively low.