The invention provides a vibration online monitoring system for transformer winding fault states, wherein a data acquisition unit acquires vibration signal of a transformer body box wall, three-phasevoltage and a three-phase current signal according to operation characteristics of a power transformer; a data processing unit receives the vibration signal of the transformer body box wall, the three-phase voltage and the three-phase current signal acquired by the data acquisition unit, and processes these signals in real time, and analog signals are converted into digital signals sent to a server unit; the server unit receives, records and feeds back vibrational acceleration, current and voltage data transmitted by the data processing unit, judges transformer fault types through the data, and transmits the data to a monitoring unit; the monitoring unit visually displays the data received and recorded by the server unit and the transformer fault types. The system herein can be used to provide vibration monitoring for transformer winding fault states, manual inspection cost can be reduced, and transformer operation safety can be improved.