The invention discloses a construction method and construction system of the self-check system of a satellite ground-based augmentation system. The method includes the following steps of: a data receiving and detection step: a reference station is adopted as a mobile station located in a grid, after observation data from the reference station are received, detection is performed, and the working status of the base station is reported; a strategy formulation step: a coverage strategy is formulated according to the working status of the base station; and a network differential verification step:network differential verification is performed according to the differential data of the satellite ground-based augmentation system itself, the data detected in the data receiving and detection step,and the coverage strategy formulated in the strategy formulation step, and self-check is performed on the satellite ground-based augmentation system. According to the construction method and construction system of the self-check system of the satellite ground-based augmentation system of the invention, the ground-based receiving station is adopted as the detection mobile station, and therefore, alarge-scale ground-based augmentation network can be effectively detected, and the service capability of the ground-based augmentation network can be improved.