The invention provides a relay protection equipment ledger management system and method. A monitoring system in a substation sends back real-time information of field operation equipment and is used for inquiring and recording the real-time information of operation protection equipment, that is, the monitoring system in the substation sends back the appearance state of relay protection equipment in the substation to a server in real time, and version information in devices and the like are read through QR codes. The substation relay protection equipment information read back by the monitoringsystem is sorted in the server to update current ledger information. A user of the client side can log in the server at any time to read ledger information of the equipment and can also log in the client side instead of the server at any time to directly read the monitoring system to check the actual condition of the field. Besides, a physically isolated local area network is adopted for communication in the whole process, so that the risk of information leakage can be avoided while communication networks in the substation are not affected.